ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In doing this research paper, I would like to thank everyone who helped me in doing this. It would not be possible to have this research paper without the help of my teachers, classmates, family and friends.

I would like to thank our English teacher, Ms. Jasmine Pericas for this project. It is a good way and opportunity for us to experience doing this and to have the knowledge on how to do a research paper that we can use when we need to apply everything we learned in our future life.

And I would also like to thank my family for the support they give to me when I’m doing this. They support me emotionally and financially. I would like to thank them for the support they showed to me. And also for the financial support because all the financial needs for this are from them

OBOBJECTIVES

To have the knowledge about cancer.

· To identify the causes of cancer.

· To know how to prevent cancer.

· To have ideas about different cancer types.

· To gather facts about cure for cancer.

· To make every reader aware of the symptoms of cancer.

· To give different information about different types of cancer

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main topic of this research paper is to show the causes and effects of cancer. It study on the problems of different cancer types and the causes of this illness. How this disease occurs when not given enough attention to your health if not treated early. The problem of this work is focused on how to prevent cancer. Like preventing this disease on proper management, like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The problems discussed on the research paper is the identification of different types of cancer, and facts about these cancer types. It also discussed symptoms and cure of these cancer types.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

This research paper is important. Because it gives random facts and information about the given topic. This topic is very important because I discuss the situation of many people suffering from cancer. And it helps the readers to understand better this illness. And it helps the cancer victims know more about their illness. It is also important because many people are suffering to this disease. And the informations like this is a good help for them

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected.

Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia where cancer prohibits normal blood function by abnormal cell division in the blood stream). Tumors can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems, and they can release hormones that alter body function. Tumors that stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth are generally considered to be benign.

More dangerous, or malignant, tumors form when two things occur:

1. a cancerous cell manages to move throughout the body using the blood or lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue in a process called invasion

2. that cell manages to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to feed itself in a process called angiogenesis.

3. When a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body and grows, invading and destroying other healthy tissues, it is said to have metastasized. This process itself is called metastasis, and the result is a serious condition that is very difficult to treat.

4. In 2007, cancer claimed the lives of about 7.6 million people in the world. Physicians and researchers who specialize in the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer are called oncologists.

What causes cancer?

Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that uncontrollably grow and do not die. Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth, division, and death. Programmed cell death is called apoptosis, and when this process breaks down, cancer begins to form. Unlike regular cells, cancer cells do not experience programmatic death and instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of control.

How is cancer classified?

There are five broad groups that are used to classify cancer.

1. Carcinomas are characterized by cells that cover internal and external parts of the body such as lung, breast, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas are characterized by cells that are located in bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, muscle, and other supportive tissues.
3. Lymphomas are cancers that begin in the lymph nodes and immune system tissues.
4. Leukemias are cancers that begin in the bone marrow and often accumulate in the bloodstream.
5. Adenomas are cancers that arise in the thyroid, the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland, and other glandular tissues.

6. WHAT CAUSES CANCER?

   Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that uncontrollably grow and do not die. Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth, division and death. Programmed cell death is called apoptosis, and when this process breaks down, cancer begins to form. Unlike regular cells, cancer cells do not experience programmatic death and instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grow out of control.

   Cancer is a diverse calss of disease which differ widely in the causes and biology. Any organism, even plants can acquire cancer. Nearly all known cancers arise gradually, as errors build up in the cancer cell and its progeny.

   Anything which replicates (our cells) will probabilistically suffer from errors (mutations). Unless errors correction and prevention is properly carried out, the errors will survive, and might be passed along to daughter cells. Normally, the body safeguardagainst cancer via numerous methods such as apoptosis, helper molecules (some DNA polymerases), possibly senescence, etc. however, these error-correction methods often fall in small ways , especially in environments that make errors more likely to arise and propagate. For example, such environments can include the presence of disruptive substances caused carcinogens, or periodic injury (physical, heat, etc,) or environment that cells did not evolve to withstand, such as hypoxia. Cancer is thus a progressive disease, and these progressive errors slowly accumulate until a cell begins to act contrary to it’s function in tha animal.